Oven.



` yFatenced .lly 4, |899. H. WERNER.

OVEN.

mi.v 628,052;

2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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Panama July 4, |899,

l l l l x IIIII III UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERMANN VERNER, OF STU'lTGART, GERMANY.

OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 628,052, dated July 4, 1899. Application tiled May 28, 1897- Serial No. 638,593. (No model-'l To all whom it may concern: I

have invented new and useful Improvements Be it known that L'HEEMANN WERNER, a subject of the King of Wrtemberg, residing at Panoramastrasse 1l, Stuttgart, Germany,-

in Ovens, of which the following is a specification. A

This invention relates to bake-ovens; and it consists, substantially, in such features of improvement as will hereinafter be more particularly described.

Most bake-ovens with pipe-heaters have the disadvantage that in consequence of the-arrangementof the furnace at the back part and the charging-opening of the hearth at the front part the baking, which is lirst putin, in addition to remaining a perceptibly longer time in the oven than that last put iu is also exposed to a greater heat. For this reason a uniform baking of all the ware cannot be obtained, and this action is especially injurious to small wares. A further disadvantage of the above-described heating arrangement' is that the closed tubes, partly filled with water and serving for heating, must have an incline upward, and, if the furnace is atV the back, as hitherto customary, rise from the back toward the front, having also an incline opposite to that of the hearth, which, as is well known, rises toward the rear from the charging-opening. The consequence of this is that the upper heating-tubes are very near the bakinghearth at the back part of the oven, while at the forward part, on the contrary, they stand o quite a distance from it, and since, furthermore, the front Wall is,so to speak, a coolingwall, while the rear wall, on the contrary, is a strongly-heated heating-wall, the heat in the rear part of the baking-chamber is considerably higher in comparison with that in the forward part of the baking-chamber. My new arrangement completely obviates these disadvantages, since the furnace is arranged forward of the bake-oven, lying sidewise to the same, whereby the fire-charging opening can be located laterally or facing forward at the front part of the oven. Furthermore, the heating-pipes are bent to an angle form and, rising up from the furnace, lead first crosswise of the oven, about halt the pipes lying above the others, and then from the bend are distributed in the baking-chamber regularly,

snbstan tially parallel with the sloping hearth, in thev direction of the length of the oven.

Figure l is a vertical transverse sectionalv view of a bake-oven having my improvements embodied in connection therewith, the fire chamber-in this instance being shown as open ing or accessible from the side of the oven. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional elevation of the fire-chamber, having its'charging-opening at the side. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view-ot'l an oven having two fire-cham bers at the side,the charging-openings for said chambers being located at the front and back of the oven. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of an oven, showing the door of the fire-chamber located at the front thereof, partof the baking-*chamber and apart of the heatingpipes being broken off at one end. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse 'sectional elevation taken through the baking-chamber on a different line from that in Fig. 1. Fig. `6 isacomplete 'sectional plan view similar to Fig. 4:, but showing the door to the fire-chamber as located to one sideof the oven, at the front part ofthe baking-chamber.

.My improved bake-oven A is constructed witha baking-chamber A and also with a firechamber A?, the latter being provided with a fuel-grate B and a fuel-charging opening B2, closed by a doorb. Said tire-chamber A2 is located to one side of the oven, at the front part of the baking-chamber A', and the door b of the charging-opening B2may be arranged directly at the front of the oven or it may be at the side, as shown in the several figures of the drawings. The tire-chamber A2 extends upward almost the full height of the oven, and the same is separated from the bakingchamber by means of a division-wall M.

The bottom l of the baking-chamber slopes or incliues upwardly from the division-Wall M to the opposite inner wall 2, (see Figs. l and 5,) andthe under side of the top portion 3 of said baking-chamber also slopes or inclines in the same direction correspondingly. The said chamber is divided into two or more compartments 5 and 6 by means of a horizontal partition-wa1l 7, also inclined or sloping in the `same direction, the said wall on its top or upper surface con-stitutingahearth for the upper compartment 5 and the bottom 1 of the baking-chamber constituting a hearth for the IOO lowermost compartment l. The said compartments 5 and G are each accessible through a charging-opening S at the front of the oven, and said openings are closed by doors c. It is through these openings that the articles to be baked are introduced. Preferably, though not essentially, I sometimes construct each of the said hearths with a drip-pan D, forming, practically, a part of the hearth and serving to catch any moisture that may arise or form in the compartments, and leading from each of said pans to the front of the oven or baking-chamber is a pipe or conduit 9 for conveying away such moisture.

Located or arranged in each of the compartments 5 6 of the baking-chamber A' is a shelf C, which for a distance about equaling the length of the fire-chamber A2 is truly horizontal, as seen in Fig. l; but for the remaining depth or extent of said compartments the said shelves are inclined substantially in conformity or correspondence with the inclinations of the oors or hearths of the compartments and toward the front of the oven. In this way the baking-pan, which may be placed on the horizontal portions of said' shelves, will serve as a means of holding other pans in place, which may be introduced orarran ged on the inclined or sloping portions of vthe shelves.

The heating-pipes for the baking-chamber are shown in four double series at E E', and,

as indicated in Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, and 6, one end of the pipes of each double series passes through suitable openings therefor in the division-wall M and enters the fire-chamberAz, and in this way the pipes are heated by the products of combustion arising in said chamber. As shown in Fig. l, the ends of the said double series of pipes in their vertical arrangement or disposition enter each the said fire-chamber successively to a greater extent, so that the said pipes are equally exposed to the heat in the tire-cham ber. The series E of each double series of pipes extend straight through the wall M, and they are then bent substantially at right angles and upwardly substantially in correspondence with the inoline or slope of the hearths or floors of the compartments 5 G of the baking-chamber. (See Fig. 5.) The number of pipes E in the series is suflicient to make up a horizontal row practicallyequal to the length of the firechamber, and each pipe, as is shown, extends a little farther into the baking-chamber, so that all the pipes of this series E together cover an area equal to about one-half the length of the shelves C. The series of pipes E are arranged beneath the series E at the lire-chamber and also extend beneath the same until the point of the bend therein is' reached, (see Fig. 6,) after which the said pipes E are spread ont horizontally to practically lill or cover the remaining area of the compartments 5 6. From the point of the bends in the two series the pipes are converged or gradually brought together until at the ends they unite and are supported by means of ledgesl m, projecting from the inner wall 2 of the oven. By arranging the pipes of each double series one above the other at the tire-chamber I am enabled to obtain an equal distribution of heat without increasing the length of said fire-chamber.

It will be seen that a double series' of pipes is arranged both above and below the shelf C of the compartments 5 6 of the baking-chamber, and thus there is .an equal distribution ot' heat on both sides of each of said shelves. By converging or bringing together the ends of the pipes of each double series the heat is also in a measure concentrated at the rear part of the baking-chamber, with the result of uniformity in the baking of bread and other articles.

It is evident that immaterial changes or alterations can be made in the general construction and arrangement of parts of my improved oven Without depart-ing from the spirit of my invention.

I claimv- An oven constructed with a baking-chamber divided into compartments by a horizontal inclined partition-wall, each compartment having an opening closed by a door, a firechamber at the front of the oven to one side of said baking-chamber, ahorizontalinclined shelf in each compartment, double series of heating-pipes leading from the tire-chamber intermediate the hearth and shelf of each compartment, and similarseries of pipes arranged above and below the partition-wall, the pipes of each double series being bent upwardly at substantially right angles, and converging at their inner ends and supported from interior ledges of the oven,substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HERMANN WERNER.

Witnesses:

GorrLoB ScHoLL, AUGUST DRAUTz. 

